{"id":3157,"date":"2023-03-01T10:10:29","date_gmt":"2023-03-01T09:10:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jessicazecchini.it\/senza-categoria\/differenze-tra-narcisismo-covert-e-overt\/"},"modified":"2025-09-29T17:41:39","modified_gmt":"2025-09-29T15:41:39","slug":"differences-between-covert-and-overt-narcissism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jessicazecchini.it\/en\/articles\/differences-between-covert-and-overt-narcissism\/","title":{"rendered":"Differences between covert and overt narcissism"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"p1\"><b>How can you tell the difference between covert and overt narcissism? How can online therapy help a victim of narcissistic abuse leave an asymmetrical, manipulative relationship?<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">In 1991, psychologist Paul Wink used, in the title of one of his papers\u2014<i>The Faces of Narcissism<\/i>\u2014two terms to indicate two facets of the narcissistic profile: <span class=\"s1\"><b>covert<\/b><\/span> and <span class=\"s1\"><b>overt<\/b><\/span>. According to Dr. Wink, narcissistic disorder develops from deep self-esteem problems, and its manifestations can take different forms, which he outlined as two \u201cmain faces.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">A first face, the <span class=\"s1\"><b>overt<\/b><\/span> one, displays typical traits such as a sense of grandiosity, exhibitionism, a desire for admiration and attention, aggressiveness, arrogance, and contempt or derision of the partner\u2014even in public\u2014in order to feel superior.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">The second face, the <span class=\"s1\"><b>covert<\/b><\/span> one, or \u201chidden,\u201d appears as a constant underlying neurosis: a person with sensitive\u2013vulnerable traits who nonetheless aims to exploit others for personal gain, with great expectations and fantasies of success nourished deep down, originating from a low-key and seemingly modest profile\u2014much harder to unmask than the traditional overt type.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Let\u2019s now look specifically at the characteristics of the two categories\u2014overt and covert\u2014so we can better distinguish the two faces of narcissism, including in romantic relationships.<\/p>\n<h3><b>Overt narcissism<\/b><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p3\">By denying weakness and feeding self-superiority, <span class=\"s1\"><b>overt narcissism<\/b><\/span> attempts to compensate for childhood wounds\u2014such as rejection, neglect, or insensitivity by parental figures to the child\u2019s emotional needs. In reality, behind the apparent grandiosity lies a deep gash driven by a sense of inferiority and low self-worth. The overt profile, however, shows very high levels of exhibitionism, dominance, sociability, arrogance, argumentativeness, demandingness, and self-acceptance.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">The beginnings of a relationship with an overt narcissist are usually idyllic: lavish compliments, attention, gifts, emotions, plans. But after the love-bombing, typical attitudes and tendencies toward the partner emerge, namely:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Isolation from close ties<\/b><\/span> with friends or family (\u201cHow many times do you need to see your friends?\u201d \u201cYou visited your family last month\u2014do you have to go again already?\u201d).<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Divide and insinuate<\/b><\/span> (\u201cEverybody knows you\u2019re good for nothing,\u201d \u201cEven your mother says it\u2019s lucky you met me,\u201d \u201cGiulia, who knows you so well, says I should leave you,\u201d \u201cEveryone can see you treat me badly while I\u2019m always so available\u201d).<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Lies and deceit<\/b><\/span>: they believe the rules of a good relationship apply only to you; they lie and deceive and then feel entitled to your forgiveness. Of course, it only works one way\u2014if <i>you<\/i> made a mistake, you wouldn\u2019t get off so easily, nor be forgiven so readily.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Making you feel never enough<\/b><\/span> (\u201cYou\u2019re not good enough,\u201d \u201cYou\u2019re not fit enough,\u201d \u201cYou\u2019re not competent enough at work,\u201d \u201cYou\u2019re just not enough\u201d).<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Contempt, rage, melodramatic reconciliations<\/b><\/span>: when challenged, the narcissist retaliates in various ways; and after making up, the next fight will be even more damaging, escalating from verbal aggression to physical aggression that fully reveals their abusive nature.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Victimhood and inability to self-reflect<\/b><\/span>: \u201ceveryone\u2019s against me,\u201d it\u2019s always someone else\u2019s fault; others get things wrong, others can\u2019t do anything\u2014while they are always so skilled, perfect, competent.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Competitiveness; best at everything<\/b><\/span>: if you\u2019re good at something\u2014even an activity they\u2019ve never tried or don\u2019t care about\u2014they\u2019ll likely try it just to appear better than you, to satisfy the need to be admired or envied at all costs.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Smearing former partners<\/b><\/span> as monsters or disreputable people, using degrading terms and calling them \u201ccrazy.\u201d<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Using silence as punishment<\/b><\/span>: by not communicating they avoid self-examination and seize control, pushing the other out of the game.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Words that don\u2019t become actions<\/b><\/span>: if you ask for help, the overt narcissist will tend to say yes\u2014then ignore their own words, staying on the couch or doing something else.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Covert narcissism<\/b><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Covert narcissism<\/b><\/span> manifests with less obvious traits: shyness, hypervigilance, <i>apparent<\/i> empathy, shame, avoidance, inner conflicts that lead to forms of anger and hostility, social anxiety and withdrawal, haughtiness. Their self is organized around grand dreams, fantasies, and expectations for their life; they feel unique and believe they can only be understood by equally unique people. They feel entitled\u2014deserving of favors and attention\u2014with a tendency to exploit others, a sign of their scarce empathy that is initially concealed. Distinguishing covert narcissists is trickier, so here is a more detailed list to recognize them:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Feeling important<\/b><\/span>: their deep sense of grandiosity and self-importance can be summed up in the word \u201csnobbish.\u201d<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>(More or less hidden) fantasies of success<\/b><\/span>: staying perfect, having the perfect partner, perfect home, high status, a fabulous career, fame, recognition.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Silence or verbal aggression<\/b><\/span>: covert profiles also use these, especially as a defense when partners or others reject them.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Feeling unique and wanting unique company<\/b><\/span>: feeling extremely special, elite; they seek people \u201cworthy\u201d of their circle and will snub or reject everyone else.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Constant need for admiration<\/b><\/span>: not receiving it triggers deep intolerance, which turns into passive-aggressive behavior\u2014subtle revenge, sulking, silence, distance, procrastination, hostility, and lies.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Privilege and entitlement<\/b><\/span>: they feel privileged and entitled to favors, to having their aims and desires fulfilled, to being served and ushered along by others in realizing their projects.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Exploitation<\/b><\/span>: people are typically used by the covert narcissist\u2014their qualities leveraged to reach the narcissist\u2019s goals. Others are drawn in by their seemingly harmless, empathetic, kind, modest demeanor, but are in fact manipulated and exploited covertly.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Lack of genuine empathy<\/b><\/span>: they may praise empathy but cannot offer it; they readily cut off anyone who (in their view) wronged them, is no longer useful, or has unmasked them\u2014sometimes insulting first, then mercilessly ending all communication.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Envy and jealousy<\/b><\/span>: though often disguised, these are common; they are adept at repressing them so as not to reveal insecurity, frequently resorting to sarcasm.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Haughtiness<\/b><\/span>: arrogant, condescending behavior appears especially when they are with someone deemed \u201cinferior.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>How online therapy can help<\/b><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p3\">Online therapy can help patients\u2014or victims of narcissism\u2014recognize these two often insidious profiles, <span class=\"s1\"><b>overt<\/b><\/span> and <span class=\"s1\"><b>covert<\/b><\/span>, and take action. A therapeutic path can relieve a person from years of narcissistic abuse, or help them assess the relationship they are currently in (romantic, family, or workplace) to determine whether they are facing manipulative, narcissistic individuals. The goal is to <span class=\"s1\"><b>detach<\/b><\/span> from them and from disabling dynamics, and <span class=\"s1\"><b>regain control<\/b><\/span> of one\u2019s life.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>For more information, contact Dr. Jessica Zecchini.<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Email: consulenza@jessicazecchini.it \u2014 WhatsApp: +39 370 32 17 351<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How can you tell the difference between covert and overt narcissism? How can online therapy help a victim of narcissistic abuse leave an asymmetrical, manipulative relationship? In 1991, psychologist Paul Wink used, in the title of one of his papers\u2014The Faces of Narcissism\u2014two terms to indicate two facets of the narcissistic profile: covert and overt&#8230;.<\/p>\n<div class=\" [&hellip;]\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jessicazecchini.it\/en\/articles\/differences-between-covert-and-overt-narcissism\/\">Read More<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3158,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3157","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Differences between covert and overt narcissism - Jessica Zecchini<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How can online therapy help a victim of narcissistic abuse break free from an asymmetrical and manipulative relationship?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jessicazecchini.it\/en\/articles\/differences-between-covert-and-overt-narcissism\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Differences between covert and overt narcissism - 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